False mushrooms: description of species and meta growth
Among mushroom pickers, honey mushrooms are very popular, which are pickled, fried, salads and various sauces are made from them. But there is a danger of confusing the edible representatives of the mushroom kingdom with false mushrooms.
Inedible twins honey agarics prefer to settle like their counterparts in large families on deadwood, stumps and rotten trees.
Inedible twins of honey mushrooms prefer to settle, like their counterparts, in large families on deadwood, stumps and rotten trees. All of them are very similar in appearance.
The legs of the mushrooms are very thin and hollow inside. The surface of the hats is painted in bright colors, which depend on the place of growth, the composition of the soil and the season. The skin is smooth to the touch.
Features of false mushrooms (video)
Botanical description of the main types of false mushrooms
The group of false mushrooms includes several types of mushrooms. Since they grow in identical conditions to edible representatives, it is very easy to confuse them. Some species are conditionally edible, others are inedible, and still others are poisonous. In view of the danger of getting serious poisoning, an inexperienced mushroom picker is advised not to pick suspicious mushrooms.
Poppy honey agaric
The second name of the fungus is gray-lamellar honey agaric. Grows on fallen trees and pine stumps. In rare cases, it occurs on a decaying rhizome. It begins to bear fruit from the last month of summer and continues until mid-autumn.
The hemispherical cap reaches a size of 7 cm. In the process of growth of the fruiting body, it changes its appearance to a convex-prostrate one, along the edge of which particles of the bedspread remain. If the fruit grows in a humid environment, the hat acquires a light brown color. In a dry place, its surface is light yellow tones. The middle of the cap is much brighter than the edges. The smell of whitish pulp resembles dampness.
The plates located on the inner surface of the cap adhere to the stem. In young individuals, their color is pale yellow. Over time, the color changes, becoming similar to poppy seeds.. The long leg (up to 10 cm) can be either straight or curved. The membranous ring quickly disappears. It has a red-red color at the base, and yellow near the cap.
Since poppy mushroom belongs to the conditionally edible category, after processing it can be used for culinary purposes. It is not recommended to collect old mushrooms, which lose their taste with age.
Poppy honey agaric Brick red honey agaric
Poisonous mushroom, which at a young age has a rounded convex hat, which turns into a half-spread as it matures. The surface is light reddish-brown tones, or red-brown and brick red. In the central part, the color is much more saturated. There are white hanging fragments along the edges, which are the remains of a bedspread. Bitter flesh of yellowish tones. Plates change color over time. In young specimens they are dirty yellow, while in mature ones they are olive-brown. The shape of the leg is flat or narrowed at the bottom. The color is yellowish, slightly brown in the lower part. The structure is dense.
Prefers to settle on hardwood in large families. The peak of fruiting occurs at the end of summer - the beginning of autumn.
Brick red honey agaric Sulfur yellow honey agaric
The diameter of the cap of the poisonous mushroom is from 2 to 7 cm. In a young mushroom, its shape is similar to a bell. Becomes prostrate with age. The color can be yellow-brown or sulfur-yellow, which is reflected in its name. The central part of the cap is somewhat darker than along the edge.
The inside of the fruit is whitish or sulfur-yellow. The smell emanating from the pulp is unpleasant. The leg with a diameter of 0.5 cm grows up to 10 cm in length. From above sulfur-yellow with a fibrous structure. Mushrooms grow in groups of about 50 fruits, fused at the base with legs.
The difference between false mushrooms and autumn ones (video)
How to distinguish false mushrooms from edible mushrooms
Despite the fact that the features of edible mushrooms are in many ways similar to their false counterparts, having understood the characteristics and differences of each species, you can learn to distinguish them. The main differences:
- Hat appearance. In real mushrooms, its surface layer is covered with peculiar scales of a darker color than the cap itself. Mature mushrooms become smooth, losing their scales. But this is not scary, since such mushrooms are no longer of interest.
- Ring or skirt. Edible young individuals under the cap have a white film, which, as the fungus grows, turns into a ring on the leg. False instances do not have it.
- Hat skin color. False representatives are much brighter than edible mushrooms. Real mushrooms are usually a delicate brown color. Inedible species with the addition of red and yellow-gray tones.
- Smell. Edible mushrooms have a mushroom flavor. Dangerous twins, on the contrary, exude an unpleasant earthy or moldy smell.
- Records. True mushrooms are characterized by the presence of light plates (yellowish or beige). In inedible species, they are brighter and darker (olive, greenish, yellow).
The fruits also taste different from real mushrooms. False species are unpleasant and bitter, but it is forbidden to try them. Having carefully studied the signs that help to distinguish an edible mushroom from a dangerous one, you can protect yourself from the serious consequences of poisoning with toxic substances.
Toxic elements of false mushrooms negatively affect the cardiovascular system and the brain Signs of poisoning with false mushrooms
In case of erroneous use of false mushrooms, intoxication of the body occurs, which manifests itself in the following symptoms:
- The first signs of poisoning appear within the first hour after eating, but there are times when it takes up to 12 hours.
- Toxic compounds that enter the body are very quickly absorbed into the blood. Then, with its current, they penetrate into all organs, having a negative effect.
- There are complaints of discomfort in the stomach, there is a slight dizziness, heartburn, stomach rumbling, nausea.
- After 4-6 hours, the symptoms begin to progress. Lethargy, apathy, trembling in the limbs and general weakness join. As the nausea intensifies, vomiting occurs. Gastric cramps move to the entire abdomen. The stool becomes frequent and watery, accompanied by sharp abdominal pains. Cold sweat is released. Cold sweat appears on the palms and feet. The level of sugar in the blood drops.
The most poisonous mushrooms (video)
Toxic elements negatively affect the cardiovascular system and the brain. As a result, the heart rate slows down and blood pressure drops to a critical level. Lack of oxygen leads to blue skin (cyanosis). The patient suffers from headache and dizziness.
Intense vomiting and diarrhea dehydrates the body, so fluid balance needs to be replenished, otherwise vital processes will be disturbed. In the absence of the necessary assistance, the patient begins delirium and hallucinations appear. There is an alternation of excitation and inhibition.
Recovery of health after poisoning depends on the speed of the measures taken. Timely contacting a specialist and carrying out the necessary procedures reduces the recovery time and minimizes the consequences.
Those who go in search of mushrooms should remember that only those mushrooms in which there is no doubt that these are edible species should be collected in a basket. Otherwise, the find must be discarded.
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